Kickboxing

Kickboxing refers to the sport of using kicks and boxing to defeat an opponent in a similar way to that of standard boxing. Kickboxing is a standing sport and does not allow continuation of the fight once a combatant has reached the ground.

Techniques

Punching

* Jab - straight punch from the front hand, to either the head or the body, often used in conjunction with the cross
* Cross (Straight punch) - The straight punching whirl by feeling it out-without using target
* Hook - rounded punch to either the head or body in an arching motion, usually not scored in points scoring
* Uppercut - rising punch striking to the chin.

Kicking

* Front Kick or push Kick - Striking face on with the heel of the foot
* Side Kick - Striking with the side or heel of the foot with leg parallel to the ground, can be performed to either the head or body
* Semi-circular Kick or forty five degree roundhouse kick
* Roundhouse Kick or circle kick - Striking with the front of the foot or the lower shin to the head or the body in a chopping motion

Front kick
Side kick
Semi-circular kick
Roundhouse kick

Spinning and flying kick

* Spinning hook-kick
* Spinning side-kick
* Spinning back-kick
* Jumping front-kick
* Jumping roundhouse-kick
* Jumping side-kick
* Jumping back-kick

Stick-kick
Spinning back-kick (here a counterpunch)
Jumping side-kick
Jumping back-kick
* Hook Kick (heel kick) - Extending the leg out to the side of the body, and hooking the leg back to strike the head with eiher the heel or sole
* Crescent Kick and forward crescent kick
* Axe Kick – is a stomp kick or hammer kick. The stomp kick normally travel downward, striking with the side or base heel.
* Back Kick – is delivered with the base heel of the foot.
* Sweeping – One foot or both feet of an opponent may be swept depending upon their position, balance and strength.

Bodybuilding

The "Early Years" of Western Bodybuilding are considered to be the period between 1880 and 1930.Bodybuilding did not really exist prior to the late 19th century, when it was promoted by a man from Prussia (Germany) named Eugen Sandow, who is now generally referred to as "The Father of Modern Bodybuilding". He is credited as being a pioneer of the sport because he allowed an audience to enjoy viewing his physique in "muscle display performances".

Bodybuilding became more popular in the 1950s and 1960s with the emergence of strength and gymnastics champions joining the sport, and the simultaneous popularization of muscle training, most of all by Charles Atlas, whose advertising in comic books and other other publications encouraged many young men to undertake weight training to improve their physiques to resemble the comic books' muscular superheroes.In the 1970s, bodybuilding had major publicity thanks to Arnold Schwarzenegger and the 1977 film Pumping Iron. By this time the International Federation of Bodybuilders (IFBB) dominated the sport and the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) took a back seat.There are 3 arts of bodybuilding:

Proffesional Bodybuilding

In the modern bodybuilding industry, "professional" generally means a bodybuilder who has won qualifying competitions as an amateur and has earned a "pro card" from the IFBB. Professionals earn the right to compete in sanctioned competitions including the Arnold Classic and the Night of Champions. Placings at such competitions in turn earn them the right to compete at the Mr. Olympia, the title is considered to be the highest accolade in the professional bodybuilding field.

Natural Bodybuilding

In natural contests bodybuilders are routinely tested for illegal substances and are banned for any violations from future contests. Testing can be done on urine samples, but in many cases a less expensive polygraph (lie detector) test is performed instead. What qualifies as an "illegal" substance, in the sense that it is prohibited by regulatory bodies, varies between natural federations, and does not necessarily include only substances that are illegal under the laws of the relevant jurisdiction. Illegal Anabolic steroids, Prohormone and Diuretics, under widespread use by professional bodybuilders, are generally banned by natural organizations.

Female Bodybuilding

The first U.S. Women's National Physique Championship, promoted by Henry McGhee and held in Canton, Ohio in 1978, is generally regarded as the first true female bodybuilding contest - that is, the first contest where the entrants were judged solely on muscularity.In 1980 the first Ms. Olympia (initially known as the "Miss" Olympia), the most prestigious contest for professionals, was held. The first winner was Rachel McLish who had also won the NPC's USA Championship earlier in the year. The contest was a major turning point for the sport of women's bodybuilding.In recent years, the related areas of fitness and figure competition have gained in popularity, surpassing that of female bodybuilding, and have provided an alternative for women who choose not to develop the level of muscularity necessary for bodybuilding. Rachel McLish would resemble closely what is thought of today as a fitness and figure competition instead of what is now considered female bodybuilding.

Poker

Poker is a family of card games that share betting rules and usually (but not always) hand rankings. Poker games differ in how the cards are dealt, how hands may be formed, whether the high or low hand wins the pot in a showdown (in some games, the pot is split between the high and low hands), limits on bets and how many rounds of betting are allowed. In most modern poker games, the first round of betting begins with some form of forced bet. The action then proceeds to the left. Each player in turn must either match the maximum previous bet or fold, losing all further interest in the hand. A player who matches a bet may also raise, increasing the bet. The betting round ends when all players have either matched the last bet or folded. If all but one player fold on any round, the remaining player collects the pot without showing his hand. If more than one player remains in contention after the final betting round, the hands are shown and the winning hand takes the pot.
Players feel that this betting system distinguishes poker from gambling games. With the minor exception of initial forced bets, money is only placed into the pot voluntarily by a player who, at least in theory, rationally believes the bet has positive expected value. Thus while the outcome of any particular hand is determined mostly by chance, the long-run expectations of the players are determined mostly by their actions chosen based on probability and psychology.

Gameplay

In casual play, the right to deal a hand typically rotates among the players and is marked by a token called a 'dealer' button (or "buck"). In a casino, a house dealer handles the cards for each hand, but the button (typically a white plastic disk) is rotated clockwise among the players to indicate a nominal dealer to determine the order of betting.
One or more players are usually required to make forced bets, usually either an ante or a blind bet (sometimes both). The dealer shuffles the cards, the player one chair to his right cuts, and the dealer deals the appropriate number of cards to the players one at a time, beginning with the player to his left. Cards may be dealt either face-up or face-down, depending on the variant of poker being played. After the initial deal, the first of what may be several betting rounds begins. Between rounds, the players' hands develop in some way, often by being dealt additional cards or replacing cards previously dealt. At the end of each round, all bets are gathered into the central pot.
At any time during a betting round, if one player bets and no opponents choose to "call" (match) the bet and instead "fold", the hand ends immediately, the bettor is awarded the pot, no cards are required to be shown, and the next hand begins. This is what makes bluffing possible. Bluffing is a primary feature of poker, one that distinguishes it from other vying games and from other games that make use of poker hand rankings.
At the end of the last betting round, if more than one player remains, there is a showdown, in which the players reveal their previously hidden cards and evaluate their hands. The player with the best hand according to the poker variant being played wins the pot. A poker hand consists of five cards, but in some variants a player has more than five to choose from.
See betting (poker) for detailed rules regarding forced bets, betting actions, limits, stakes, and all-in situations. See List of poker variants and poker hand rankings for order of play and other details for the most common poker variants.

The District line has a long history. It was built by the Metropolitan District Railway and opened in stages from 1868. The MDR was later bought by Charles Yerkes, forming part of the "Underground" group until it was nationalised in the 1930s.The District line is a line of the London Underground, coloured green on the Tube map.It is the busiest of the sub-surface lines and the third busiest overall on the Underground network. Out of the 60 stations served, 25 are underground.It is sometimes closed between Barking and Upminster at weekends.Most of the District line's services use sub-surface D stock, although the Wimbledon to Edgware Road service uses C stock, due to shorter platform lengths between High Street Kensington and Edgware.The D stock has been refurbished, having received the standard Underground livery of red, white and blue, replacing the previous unpainted aluminium finish which is prone to damage by graffiti vandals. The stock also received a complete interior refurbishment and was fitted with CCTV and passenger information displays. The trains are maintained at Ealing Common Depot and Upminster Depot.A D stock (unit 7115) was taken out of service to be refurbished on 15 February 2008. Its run could have extended into the weekend, but due to planned weekend engineering works it was taken out on Friday at the end of operations. It was the very last silver train on the London Underground; fittingly running on the line which first introduced unpainted train.

The Jubilee

The London Underground system is the city-wide subway train system that locals and tourists use to quickly get around the city. The entire Underground network system is made up of 275 stations on 12 rail lines. The different lines are marked on maps with colours to help you keep track of where you are and where you are going. . The line which I choose is the grey. The name of this line is Jubilee. This tube had 27 stations and a length of 36.2 km (22.5 mi). Important stations are the Stanmore, Stratford, London Bridge and Westminster. Stanmore and Stratford are the terminal stations of this line. London Brigde and Westminster are among to the stations which are important because you can see sights.

One of this sights is the London Brigde. London Bridge is a bridge between the City of London and Southwark in London, England, over the River Thames. It was the only bridge over the Thames downstream from Kingston until Putney Bridge opened in 1729.

The other sight is the Westminster Abbey. The Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to popularly and informally as Westminster Abbey, is a large, mainly Gothic church, in Westminster, London, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English, later British and later still (and currently) monarchs of the Commonwealt Realms. It briefly held the status of a cathedral from 1546–1556, and is currently a Royal Peculiar.

Circle line will be extended soon

London Underground has announced that Circle line services will be extended to Hammersmith from December 2009. The changes will almost double the frequency of trains between Hammersmith and Edgware Road. As Circle line trains currently move around the line without a fixed terminus, any delays are compounded over time, and make it harder to offer a regular or reliable service. By giving the Circle line a start and end point London Underground will be able to recover the service quicker if there is disruption on the Circle or any of the lines that it shares tracks with. The new service will run from Hammersmith (H & C station) to Edgware Road station and then join the current Circle at Edgware Road and make a single loop, terminating at Edgware Road station. It will then reverse and do the full circle anti-clockwise, returning to Hammersmith.

Added benefits:

The changes to service patterns on the Circle line will improve the reliability of the line, enabling services to recover more quickly if there is a disruption. The line will still be called the Circle line and shown as a circle on the Tube map. The added benefit will be the improved service on the Hammersmith & City line from Edgware Road round to Hammersmith, almost doubling the frequency on that route. This is the first phase of the Sub Surface lines upgrade, which will include a new fleet of air conditioned and accessible trains and a new state of the art signalling system.

Hammersmith& City Line

The original Metropolitan Railway terminated at Bishop's Road, Paddington, adjacent to the Great Western Railway terminus, but in June 1864 the line was extended to Hammersmith to accommodate the broad gauge trains operated by the Great Western Railway in the 19th century.
At the eastern end, a service opened beyond Liverpool Street to Whitechapel in October 1884 at the same time as the completion of the Circle.
Trains have run on from Whitechapel to Barking over District line tracks since 1936.


The Hammersmith & City line between Hammersmith and Whitechapel is 14.5 km in length and serves 19 stations.
The equivalent statistics for the extended service through to Barking - which runs until 21 00 Mondays to Fridays and until 20 30 on Saturdays - are 26.5 kmand serves 28 stations.